A New Trader's Journey to Success

The six stages of a developing trader are looked at below.

Stage One: The Clueless Trader

This is the first stage when you enter trading. You may have picked up a book on technical analysis somewhere, heard of a day trader making millions, or got lucky in an earlier stock investment. After all, how hard can it be? The money sounds appealing and the freedom to be independent sounds attractive.

I don't mean to shatter anybody's dream but those who succeed in trading are the minority! Approximately 90-95% traders lose money. This is the cold hard facts. In the first stage, every trader is optimistic. You open a direct access brokerage account and the sound of Level II, ask/bid, and market makers make trading sound like hi-tech video game. In reality you have no clue. You will buy just to see the market reverse and you will short just as the market starts to rally. Most of your trades are done emotionally. You buy just because the markets feel strong without any logical reason. You are in the unconscious incompetence stage. You have no clue how the mechanics and psychology of trading works. What's worse? You are not aware that you don't know. Most traders will blow their entire account at this stage.


Stage Two: The Rookie Trader

In this stage you have lost enough money to realize what you are doing is completely wrong. In other words, you start to realize that you don't know. You will then devour every trading book available. You will study and purchase Technical Analysis of Stock Trends by Edwards and Magee believing price patterns are the Holy Grail. You will memorize every technical pattern known to man. You will read about the ADX, moving averages, Fibonacci lines, pivot points, MACD, Bollinger Bands, channels, etc... You will go through the "help" tab on your data vendor to read about every single technical indicator available. You will plot them on your charts and spend hours looking for an indicator that works. You will be extra confident now because think you have found the magical technical indicator.

Yet, you still continue to lose money everyday. You realize that your indicators are lagging and that every other new trader is probably looking at the same thing. You realize that you are the sucker.


Stage Three: The Developing Trader

You start to realize the amount of work required and the immense learning curve that you must overcome to understand the markets. At this point, traders may find it overwhelming and quit. Stronger minded traders will push their motivation harder to start their second spurt for knowledge. Hunger and passion is needed to clear this stage. You will look for reference online, join mentor programs, chat rooms, and seminars. You realize the necessary elements needed to develop as a trader. You will ask a thousand questions and bug every professional trader you meet. You will read a thousand day trading articles. You will start paper trading, develop strategies and setups, and define risk parameters for every trade. You will go on a hunt for self-understanding to master your psychological game. You will visualize every possibility on a trade before you take it. This is the true learning phase. You are trying hard to develop your edge in trading.


Stage Four: The Determined Trader

This is the stage in which you learn to specialize in certain markets and trading methods. Without realizing it, you have finally found your style of trading after hours of hard work and research. You stick to your method and you improve it. You realize that you need an edge whether its tape reading or being a Fibonacci expert. The important thing is you are slowly transforming yourself into a specialized trader. You test your methods and they seem to work. You gain tremendous market knowledge. You reflect back on yourself and you can't help but laugh at your foolishness. Although you have not made enough money to call yourself successful you are proud of your journey and accomplishments. You realize that the Holy Grail is not about technical indicators or price patterns. You calculate risk before profits and place strict money management on all your trades. You cut losses short and learn to scale out on your winners. You start accept losing as a natural part of the game. You take high probability trades that you have tested and feel confident about your setups because you understand that trading is a game of probabilities. Your psychological makeup has changed from an amateur mindset to a professional one.


Step Five: The Consistent Trader

You rely on your trading method and start taking trades systematically. You try to aim for consistency and are meeting your daily goals often. You have reached the conscious competence stage. You are fully aware of your strengths and weaknesses as a trader. At times you feel euphoric and at times you feel pain. But you are able to understand your own psychological makeup to control your emotional swings. You are now able to trade for a living.


Step Six: The Expert Trader

In this final stage, you completely understand the markets you are trading. Being involved in it everyday you are aware of every key price level. You understand market concept and are able to predict the direction of the markets a fairly good amount of time. You pat yourself on your back and take profits as soon as you feel euphoric. You do this because you understand euphoria is the same as emotional trading. You talk to other traders and realize the development stage they are in. People start asking you for trading advice, you publish a book, and you have a specific trading methodology that represents you!

Taking trades come naturally and you are able to get in and out at the precise price levels based on tape. Instead of having the markets take your stop out, you exit when you know you are wrong. You keep your head high but remain humble on the inside. You have now officially graduated the school of the hard knocks.

Entering the trading profession can be a tough journey for many people. Trading is one of the toughest careers that you can choose. If you enjoy the challenge, you will definitely enjoy the feeling of accomplishment. Trading is 30% mechanical and 170% psychological. 200% is required to become a successful trader. Good luck and best of trading.

Source from :James Lee

Real Price Action System

REAL ACCOUNT OF TRADING

I'm riding a losing trade. What Should I Do?

Have you ever said to yourself, "Well, going long (or short) the EUR/USD looked good at the time I took the trade!"


Perhaps you've had an experience where for the past several weeks, you've been haplessly watching a poor little EUR/USD trade spiral out of control to the point where you can hardly contain pulling your hair out by the roots. You’ve witnessed this innocent little trade morph into a horrifying beast which you are now referring to as the "drawdown monster."

We’ve all been there, haven’t we? Paralyzed by fear or -- if you’re anything like me sometimes -- just stubbornly unwilling to admit defeat and close the darn trade. It’s a difficult thing to confess when we’re wrong, but at what point do we say enough is enough?

So, the question is simply this—what should my next move be? How long should I hang onto this trade that just seems to be going from bad to worse to absolute train wreck? Should I cut my losses and consider it a painful lesson learned or do I hang on to this bad boy and hope it comes back? Stranger things have happened, right?

Well, let’s put something into perspective.


Losing Money

Let’s say I have $10,000 in my margin account and I lose $5,000. My drawdown in this case would be 50 percent. Now, what percentage of that $5,000 would I have to make in order to get back my original $10,000? 50 percent, right? Wrong! I would have to make back 100 percent of my $5,000 to get back to my original $10,000!

The point of this harrowing example is this—it’s very easy to lose money and a whole lot harder to get it back.

“But Rob, I would never lose 50% of my account in one trade.” For your sake, I certainly hope not. But for the sake of argument, let’s just say you do. How on earth do you get yourself out of this pickle?

Perhaps this question is best answered through the sad and forlorn tale of my good friend and currency trader, Shasty McButterknuckle, who is actually the alter-ego personality of a member of the marketing department at IBFX.

Shasty has a heart as good as his intentions, but he perpetuates three tendencies that seem to get him in trouble and constantly keep him in the red:


Tendency #1—A little thing called pride!

Shasty has a penchant for hanging on to trades for nothing more than his heightened sense of ego. He is so committed to proving that his original decision was right that he's willing to stubbornly cling to it until the very end. And interestingly enough, the more pips he loses, the more convinced he is that his original premise was justifiable. Shasty holds on to losers in an effort to prove that he was right—both in his own eyes and in the eyes of others.

Solution: There should ALWAYS be a reason for your trading moves. A decision based on ego will inevitably come back to haunt you. A trader who fails to maintain a strict trading plan won’t know where to exit a trade or how much money he could make or lose. This “fly by the seat of your pants” style trading more often than not leads to disappointment and frustration.


Tendency #2—Adding to losing positions

Shasty sometimes not only holds on to a losing trade but also actually adds positions to it, rationalizing that his targets will be hit when the currency changes direction. Of course, this method is super-terrific if the currency does, indeed, change direction, but if it doesn't and he maintains that losing position, it simply hastens the painful demise of that poor little trade.

Solution: Adding to losing positions in order to “save yourself” is an entirely different ballgame than doing so because it’s a valid part of your trading strategy. If a trader is adding positions for the right reason, the key to remaining competitive lies squarely within his psychological ability to ride out a big drawdown—a feat that should never be taken lightly—and then allowing the trade to reach its maximum potential.


Tendency #3—Loyalty

Perhaps Shasty's biggest downfall is his undying love and commitment to a particular currency pair. In this case, his strength is also his weakness. His sense of loyalty holds him back from making sound, educated trading decisions.

Solution: Fundamentally speaking, your feelings about a given currency pair don’t mean squat. The key to remaining competitive in Forex trading is allowing the market to tell you about the currency and then pouncing, not vice versa. Give more weight to what is happening in the market than to your attachment to the pair.

So, we find ourselves back at the beginning—Riding a losing trade and wondering what to do next.

A dear friend once told me, “Wise people learn from their own mistakes, but super wise people learn from the mistakes of others.” So what can we learn here? Firstly, don’t trade like Shasty! Be ye not so foolish. Learn from his mistakes and your margin account will thank you.

Secondly, take heed to these sound trading principles:

• Grasp a bigger picture perspective on the market. Before you begin trading for the day, have a look at the weekly and/or monthly chart. They can often provide you a broader perspective of a particular currency pair.
  
• Accept responsibility for your own actions. When you have a losing trade, don’t look for others to blame. You made the decision to place the trade. You control your trading destiny. You and you alone.
  
• Maintain a strict adherence to sound money management. Buying into the “get rich quick” scheme of Forex trading has left countless numbers of traders with dwindled margin accounts. Manage your assets well and you will be a much happier—and much more competitive—currency trader.

We’re experiencing a once-in-a-decade event in the Forex market, my friends, and it isn’t going away anytime soon. An extraordinary confluence of events has thrown nearly every financial market into chaos and, sadly, Forex was not immune. I’m reminded of a rather macabre but ever so appropriate phrase I once heard that went a little something like this—adapt or die.
Drawdown is a painful reality in Forex trading and despite how much you punch, kick, and fight, it will undoubtedly happen to you at some point. It’s up to you to decide how you’ll handle it. It can make you angry and vengeful or it can make you wiser and more disciplined. I can’t speak for you but I most certainly prefer the latter.

As fellow currency traders, we always welcome your thoughts, comments and questions. We’re always here to help.

Happy trading!

Corbin (from the U.S.)
Rob (from Dubai, UAE)

Technical Analysis:- Common Chart Indicators

Bollinger Bands
Bollinger bands are used to measure a market’s volatility. Basically, this little tool tells us whether the market is quiet or whether the market is LOUD! When the market is quiet, the bands contract; and when the market is LOUD, the bands expand. Notice on the chart below that when the price was quiet, the bands were close together, but when the price moved up, the bands spread apart.

That’s all there is to it. Yes, I could go on and bore you by going into the history of the Bollinger band, how it is calculated, the mathematical formulas behind it, and so on and so forth, but I really don’t feel like typing it all out. My fingers are cramping.

In all honesty, you don’t need to know any of that junk. I think it’s more important that I show you some ways you can apply the Bollinger bands to your trading.

Note: If you really want to learn about the calculations of a Bollinger band, then you can go to http://www.bollingerbands.com/


The Bollinger Bounce

One thing you should know about Bollinger Bands is that price tends to return to the middle of thebands. That is the whole idea behind the Bollinger bounce (smart, huh?). If this is the case, then bylooking at the chart above, can you tell me where the price might go next?

If you said down, then you sre correct! As you can see, the price settled back down towards the middle are of the bands.

That’s all there is to it. What you just saw was a classic Bollinger bounce. The reason these bounces occur is because Bollinger Bands act like mini support and resistance levels. The longer the time frame you are in, the stronger these bands are. Many traders have developed systems that thrive on these bounces. This strategy is best used when the market is ranging and there is no clear trend.

Now let’s look at a way to use Bollinger Bands when the market does trend.


Bollinger Squeeze



The Bollinger squeeze is pretty self explanatory. When the bands “squeeze” together, it usually means that a breakout is going to occur. If the candles start to break out above the top band, then the move will usually continue to go up. If the candles start to break out below the lower band, then the move will usually continue to go down. Looking at the chart above, you can see the bands squeezing together. The price has just started to break out of the top band. Based on this information, where do you think the price will go?



If you said up, you are correct! This is how a typical Bollinger Squeeze works. This strategy is designed for you to catch a move as early as possible. Setups like these don’t occur everyday, but you can probably spot them a few times a week if you are looking at a 15 minute chart.

So now you know what Bollinger Bands are, and you know how to use them. There are many other things you can do with Bollinger Bands, but these are the 2 most common strategies associated with them. So now you can put this in your trader’s toolbox, and we can move on to the next indicator.


MACD
MACD is an acronym for Moving Average Convergence Divergence. This tool is used to identify moving averages that are indicating a new trend, whether it’s bullish or bearish. After all, our #1 priority in trading is being able to find a trend, because that is where the most money is made.

With MACD charts, you will usually see three numbers that are used for its settings. The first is the number of periods that is used to calculate the faster moving average, the second is the number of periods that is used in the slower moving average, and the third is the number of bars that is used to calculate the moving average of the difference between the faster and slower moving averages.

For example, if you were to see “12,26,9” as the MACD parameters (which is usually the default setting for most charting packages), this is how you would interpret it:

1. The 12 represents the previous 12 bars of the faster moving average.
2. The 26 represents the previous 26 bars of the slower moving average.
3. The 9 represents the previous 9 bars of the difference between the two moving averages. This is plotted by vertical lines called a histogram (The blue lines in the chart above).
   

There is a common misconception when it comes to the lines of the MACD. The two lines that are drawn are NOT moving averages of the price. Instead, they are the moving averages of the DIFFERENCE between two moving averages.
In our example above, the faster moving average is the moving average of the difference between the 12 and 26 period moving averages. The slower moving average plots the average of the previous MACD line. Once again, from our example above, this would be a 9 period moving average.

This means that we are taking the average of the last 9 periods of the faster MACD line and plotting it as our “slower” moving average. What this does is it smoothes out the original line even more, which gives us a more accurate line.

The histogram simply plots the difference between the fast and slow moving average. If you look at our original chart, you can see that as the two moving averages separate, the histogram gets bigger.

This is called divergence because the faster moving average is “diverging” or moving away from the slower moving average.

As the moving averages get closer to each other the histogram gets smaller. This is called convergence because the faster moving average is “converging” or getting closer to the slower moving average. And that, my friend, is how you get the name, Moving Average Convergence Divergence! Whew, I need to crack my knuckles after that one.

Ok, so now you know what MACD does. Now I’ll show you what MACD can do for YOU.


MACD Crossover
Because there are two moving averages with different “speeds”, the faster one will obviously be quicker to react to price movement than the slower one. When a new trend occurs, the fast line will react first and eventually cross the slower line. When this “crossover” occurs, and the fast line starts to “diverge” or move away from the slower line, which often indicates that a new trend has formed.


From the chart above, you can see that the fast line crossed under the slow line and correctly identified a new downtrend. Notice that when the lines crossed, the histogram temporarily disappears. This is because the difference between the lines at the time of the cross is 0. As the downtrend begins and the fast line diverges away from the slow line, the histogram gets bigger, which is good indication of a strong trend.

There is one drawback to MACD. Naturally, moving averages tend to lag behind price. After all, it's just an average of historical prices. Since the MACD represents moving averages of other moving averages and is smoothed out by another moving average, you can imagine that there is quite a bit of lag. However, it is still one of the most favored tools by many traders.


Parabolic SAR
Up until now, we’ve looked at indicators that mainly focus on catching the beginning of new trends.

And although it is important to be able to identify new trends, it is equally important to be able to identify where a trend ends. After all, what good is a well-timed entry without a well-timed exit?

One indicator that can help us determine where a trend might be ending is the Parabolic SAR (Stop And Reversal). A Parabolic SAR places dots, or points, on a chart that indicate potential reversals in price movement. From the chart above, you can see that the dots shift from being below the candles during the uptrend, to above the candles when the trend reverses into a downtrend.

Using Parabolic SAR
The nice thing about the Parabolic SAR is that it is really simple to use. Basically, when the dots are below the candles, it is a buy signal; and when the dots are above the candles, it is a sell signal. This is probably the easiest indicator to interpret because it assumes that the price is either going up or
down. With that said, this tool is best used in markets that are trending, and that have long rallies and downturns. You DON’T want to use this tool in a choppy market where the price movement is sideways.


Stochastics

Stochastics is another indicator that helps us determine where a trend might be ending. By definition, stochastics is an oscillator that measures overbought and oversold conditions in the market. The 2 lines are similar to the MACD lines in the sense that one line is faster than the other.










How to Apply Stochastics
Like I said earlier, stochastics tells us when the market is overbought or oversold. Stochastics are scaled from 0 to 100. When the stochastic lines are above 70 (the red dotted line in the chart above), then it means the market is overbought. When the stochastic lines are below 30 (the blue dotted line), then it means that the market is oversold. As a rule of thumb, we buy when the market is oversold, and we sell when the market is overbought.


Looking at the chart on the left, you can see that the stochastics has been showing overbought conditions for quite some time. Based upon this information, can you guess where the price might go?


If you said the price would drop, then you are absolutely correct! Because the market was overbought for such a long period of time, a reversal was bound to happen.
That is the basics of stochastics. Many traders use stochastics in different ways, but the main purpose of the indicator is to show us where the market is overbought and oversold. Over time, you will learn to use stochastics to fit your own personal trading style.


Relative Strength Index (RSI)

Relative Strength Index, or RSI, is similar to stochastics in that it identifies overbought and oversold conditions in the market. It is also scaled from 0 to 100. Typically, readings below 20 indicate oversold, while readings over 80 indicate overbought.










Using RSI
RSI can be used just like stochastics. From the chart above you can see that when RSI dropped below 20, it correctly identified an oversold market. After the drop, the price quickly shot back up.

RSI is a very popular tool because it can also be used to confirm trend formations. If you think a trend is forming, take a quick look at the RSI and look at whether it is above or below 50. If you are looking at a possible uptrend, then make sure the RSI is above 50. If you are looking at a possible downtrend, then make sure the RSI is below 50







In the beginning of the chart above, we can see that a possible uptrend was forming. To avoid fakeouts, we can wait for RSI to cross above 50 to confirm our trend. Sure enough, as RSI passes above 50, it is a good confirmation that an uptrend has actually formed.












Putting It All Together
In a perfect world, we could take just one of these indicators and trade strictly by what that indicator told us. The problem is that we DON’T live in a perfect world, and each of these indicators has imperfections. That is why many traders combine different indicators together so that they can “screen” each other. They might have 3 different indicators and they won’t trade unless all 3 indicators give them the same answer.

As you continue you journey as a trader, you will discover what indicators work best for you. I can tell you that I like using MACD, Stochastics, and RSI, but you might have a different preference. Every trader out there has tried to find the “magic combination” of indicators that will always give them the right signals, but the truth is that there is no such thing.

I urge you to study each indicator on it’s own until you know EXACTLY how it reacts to price movement, and then come up with your own combination that fits your trading style.


Summary:
Everything you learn about trading is like a tool that is being added to your trader’s toolbox.
Your tools will make it easier for you to “build” your trading account.

Bollinger Bands

• Used to measure the market’s volatility

• They act like mini support and resistance levels

Bollinger Bounce

• A strategy that relies on the notion that price tends to always return to the middle of the Bollinger Bands

• You buy when the price hits the lower Bollinger band

• You sell when the price hits the upper Bollinger band

• Best used in ranging markets

Bollinger Squeeze

• A strategy that is used to catch breakouts early

• When the Bollinger bands “squeeze” the price, it means that the market is very quiet, and a breakout is eminent. Once a breakout occurs, we enter a trade on whatever side the price made its breakout.

MACD

• Used to catch trends early and can also help us spot trend reversals

• It consists of 2 moving averages (1 fast, 1 slow) and vertical lines called a histogram, which measures the distance between the 2 moving averages.

• Contrary to what many people think, the moving average lines are NOT moving averages of the price. They are moving averages of other moving averages.

• MACD’s downfall is its lag because it uses so many moving averages.

• One way to use MACD is to wait for the fast line to “cross over” or “cross under” the slow line and enter the trade accordingly because it signals a new trend.

Parabolic SAR

• This indicator is made to spot trend reversals; hence the name Parabolic Stop And
  Reversal (SAR)

• This is the easiest indicator to interpret because it only gives bullish and bearish signals.

• When the dots are above the candles, it is a sell signal.

• When the dots are below the candles, it is a buy signal.

• These are best used in trending markets that consist of long rallies and downturns.

Stochastics

• Used to indicate overbought and oversold conditions

• When the moving average lines are above 70, it means that the market is overbought
  and we should look to sell.

• When the moving average lines are below 30, it means that the market is oversold and we should look to buy.

Relative Strength Index (RSI)

• Similar to stochastics in that it indicates overbought and oversold conditions.

• When RSI is above 80, it means that the market is overbought and we should look to
  sell.

• When RSI is below 20, it means that the market is oversold and we should look to buy.

• RSI can also be used to confirm trend formations. If you think a trend is forming, wait for RSI to go above or below 50 (depending on if you’re looking at an uptrend or
  downtrend) before you enter a trade.

Each indicator has its imperfections. This is why traders combine many different indicators to “screen” each other. As you progress through your trading career, you will learn which indicators you like the best and can combine them in a way that fits your trading style.

I know this has been a very loooooooooooonnnnng lesson, and I encourage you to go back and read over anything you haven’t fully understood yet. Sometimes it just takes a couple times of reading before you truly grasp something.

Once you understand the concepts of these indicators, go to a chart and start playing with them.

Really study how each indicator reacts to the price movement.
When you fully understand an indicator, then it will become another tool for your trader’s toolbox. For now you should just take a break. Grab some coffee or get something to eat. I know your eyes are hurting! Let this lesson soak in, and then come back when you’re refreshed!

The price of success is hard work, dedication to the job at hand, and the determination that whether we win or lose, we have applied the best of ourselves to the task at hand.”
Vince Lombardi

Moving Averages

A moving average is simply a way to smooth out price action over time. By “moving average”, I mean that you are taking the average closing price of a currency for the last ‘X’ number of periods.

Like every indicator, it is used to help us forecast future prices. By looking at the slope of the moving average you can make general predictions as to where the price will go.

As I said, moving averages smooth out price action. There are different types of moving averages, and each of them have their own level of “smoothness”. Generally, the smoother the moving average, the slower it is to react to the price movement. The choppier the moving average, the quicker it is to react to the price movement.

I’ll explain the pros and cons of each type a little later, but for now let’s look at the different types of moving averages and how they are calculated.


Simple Moving Average (SMA)
A simple moving average is the simplest type of moving average (DUH!). Basically, a simple moving average is calculated by adding up the last “X” period’s closing prices and then dividing that number by X. Confused??? Allow me to clarify. If you plotted a 5 period simple moving average on a 1 hour chart, you would add up the closing prices for the last 5 hours, and then divide that number by 5. Voila! You have your simple moving average.

If you were to plot a 5 period simple moving average on a 10 minute chart, you would add up the closing prices of the last 50 minutes and then divide that number by 5.

If you were to plot a 5 period simple moving average on a 30 minute chart, you would add up the closing prices of the last 150 minutes and then divide that number by 5.

If you were to plot the 5 period simple moving average on the a 4 hr. chart………………..OK OK, I think you get the picture! Let’s move on.

Most charting packages will do all the calculations for you. The reason I just bored you (yawn!) with how to calculate a simple moving average is because it is important that you understand how the moving averages are calculated. If you understand how each moving average is calculated, you can make your own decision as to which type is better for you.

Just like any indicator out there, moving averages operate with a delay. Because you are taking the averages of the price, you are really only seeing a “forecast” of the future price and not a concrete view of the future. Disclaimer: Moving averages will not turn you into Ms. Cleo the psychic!

Here is an example of how moving averages smooth out the price action. On the chart above, you can see 3 different SMAs. As you can see, the longer the SMA period is, the more it lags behind the price. Notice how the 62 SMA is farther away from the current price than the 30 and 5 SMA. This is because with the 62 SMA, you are adding up the closing prices of the last 62 periods and dividing it by 62. The higher the number period you use, the slower it is to react to the price movement.

The SMAs in this chart show you the overall sentiment of the market at this point in time. Instead of just looking at the current price of the market, the moving averages give us a broader view, and we can now make a general prediction of its future price.


Exponential Moving Average (EMA)
Although the simple moving average is a great tool, there is one major flaw associated with it. Simple moving averages are very susceptible to spikes. Let me show you an example of what I mean: Let’s say we plot a 5 period SMA on the daily chart of the EUR/USD and the closing prices for the last 5 days are as follows:
Day 1: 1.2345 Day 2: 1.2350 Day 3: 1.2360 Day 4: 1.2365 Day 5: 1.2370

The simple moving average would be calculated as (1.2345+1.2350+1.2360+1.2365+1.2370) / 5 = 1.2358

Simple enough right? Well what if Day 2’s price was 1.2300? The result of the simple moving average would be a lot lower and it would give you the notion that the price was actually going down, when in reality, Day 2 could have just been a one time event (maybe interest rates decreasing).

The point I’m trying to make is that sometimes the simple moving average might be too simple. If only there was a way that you could filter out these spikes so that you wouldn’t get the wrong idea. Hmmmm…I wonder….Wait a minute……Yep, there is a way! It’s called the Exponential Moving Average!

Exponential moving averages (EMA) give more weight to the most recent periods. In our example above, the EMA would put more weight on Days 3-5, which means that the spike on Day 2 would be of lesser value and wouldn’t affect the moving average as much. What this does is it puts more emphasis on what traders are doing NOW.

When trading, it is far more important to see what traders are doing now rather than what they did last week or last month.


Which is better: Simple or Exponential?
First, let’s start with an exponential moving average. When you want a moving average that will respond to the price action rather quickly, then a short period EMA is the best way to go. These can help you catch trends very early, which will result in higher profit.

In fact, the earlier you catch a trend, the longer you can ride it and rake in those profits! The downside to the choppy moving average is that you might get faked out. Because the moving average responds so quickly to the price, you might think a trend is forming when in actuality; it could just be a price spike.

With a simple moving average, the opposite is true. When you want a moving average that is smoother and slower to respond to price action, then a longer period SMA is the best way to go.

Although it is slow to respond to the price action, it will save you from many fake outs. The downside is that it might delay you too long, and you might miss out on a good trade.

So which one is better? It’s really up to you to decide. Many traders plot several different moving averages to give them both sides of the story. They might use a longer period simple moving average to find out what the overall trend is, and then use a shorter period exponential moving average to find a good time to enter a trade.

In fact, many trading systems are built around what is called “Moving Average Crossovers”. Later in this course, we will give you an example of how you can use moving averages as part of your trading system.

Time for recess! Go find a chart and start playing with some moving averages. Try out different types and look at different periods. In time, you will find out which moving averages work best for you. Class dismissed!


Summary:

• A moving average is a way to smooth out price action.
• There are many types of moving averages. The 2 most common types are: Simple Moving Average and Exponential Moving Average
• Simple moving averages are the simplest form of moving averages, but they are susceptible to spikes.
• Exponential moving averages put more weight to recent prices and therefore show us what traders are doing now.
• It is much more important to know what traders are doing now, than what they did last week or last month.
• Simple moving averages are smoother than Exponential moving averages.
• Longer period moving averages are smoother than shorter period moving averages.
• Choppy moving averages are quicker to respond to price action and can catch trends early. However, because of their quick reaction, they are susceptible to spikes and can fake you out.
• Smooth moving averages are slower to respond to price action but will save you from spikes and fake outs. However, because of their slow reaction, they can delay you from taking a trade and may cause you to miss some good opportunities.
• The best way to use moving averages is to plot different types on a chart so that you can see both long term movement and short term movement.

“The only limits to the possibilities in your life tomorrow are the buts you use today.”

Les Brown

Fibonacci

Who is Fibonacci and how can he help you with your trading?

Leonardo Fibonacci was a great Italian mathematician who lived in the thirteenth century who first observed certain ratios of a number series that are regarded as describing the natural proportions of things in the universe, including price data. The ratios arise from the following number series: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144 .......

This series of numbers is derived by starting with 1 followed by 2 and then adding 1 + 2 to get 3, the third number. Then, adding 2 + 3 to get 5, the fourth number, and so on.

After the first few numbers in the sequence, if you measure the ratio of any number to that of the next higher number you get .618, e.g. 34 divided by 55 equals 0.618. . If you measure the ratio between alternate numbers you get .382, for example, 34 divided by 89 = 0.382 and that’s as far as into the explanation as we’ll go. If you divide any Fibonacci number by the preceding number, after 2 the number is always 1.6 and after 144 the number is always 1.618.

These ratios are referred to as the “golden mean.” Additional ratios were then derived to create ratio sets as follows:

Price Retracement Levels 0.236, 0.382, 0.500, 0.618, 0.764
Price Extension Levels 0, 0.382, 0.618, 1.000, 1.382, 1.618

You won’t really need to know how to calculate all of this. Your charting software will do all the work for you. But it’s always good to be familiar with the basic theory behind the indicator so you’ll have knowledge to impress your date.

The first set of ratios is used as price retracement levels and is used in trading as possible support and resistance levels. Traders all over the world watch these levels and place buy and sell orders at these levels which becomes a self-fulfilling expectation.

The second set is used as price extension levels and is used in trading as possible profit taking levels. Again, traders all over the world are watching these levels and placing buy and sell orders to take profits at these levels which becomes a self-fulfilling expectation.

Most charting software include both Fibonacci Retracement Levels and Price Extension Levels. In order to apply Fibonacci levels to price charts, it is necessary to identify Swing Highs and Swing Lows.

A Swing High is a short term high bar with at least two lower highs on both the left and right of the high bar.

A Swing Low is a short term low bar with at least two higher lows on both the left and right of the low bar.


Fibonacci Retracement Levels
In an uptrend, the general idea is to go long the market on a retracement to a Fibonacci support level. In order to find the retracement levels, you would click on a significant Swing Low and drag the cursor to the most recent Swing High. This will display each of the Retracement Levels showing both the ratio and corresponding price level. Let’s take a look at some examples of markets in an uptrend.

This is an hourly chart of USD/JPY. Here we plotted the Fibonacci Retracement Levels by clicking on the Swing Low at 110.78 on 07/12/05 and dragging the cursor to the Swing High at 112.27 on 07/13/05. You can see the levels plotted by the software. The Retracement Levels were 111.92 (0.236), 111.70 (0.382), 111.52 (0.500), and 111.35 (0.618). Now the expectation is that if USD/JPY retraces from this high, it will find support at one of the Fibonacci Levels because traders will be placing buy orders at these levels as the market pulls back.

Now let’s look at what actually happened after the Swing High occurred. The market pulled back right through the 0.236 level and continued the next day piercing the 0.382 level but never actually closing below it. Later on that day, the market resumed its upward move. Clearly buying at the 0.382 level would have been a good short term trade.

Now let’s see how we would use Fibonacci Retracement Levels during a downtrend. This is an hourly chart for EUR/USD. As you can see, we found our Swing High at 1.3278 on 02/28/05 and our Swing Low at 1.3169 a couple hours later. The Retracement Levels were 1.3236 (0.618), 1.3224 (0.500), 1.3211 (0.382), and 1.3195 (.236). The expectation for a downtrend is if it retraces from this high, it will encounter resistance at one of the Fibonacci Levels because traders will be placing sell orders at these levels as the market attempts to rally.

Let’s check out what happened next. Now isn’t that a thing of beauty! The market did try to rally but it barely past the 0.382 level spiking to a high 1.3227 and it actually closed below it. After that bar, you can see that the rally reversed and the downward move continued. You would have made some nice dough selling at the 0.382 level.

Here’s another example. This is an hourly chart for GBP/USD. We had a Swing High of 1.7438 on 07/26/05 and a Swing Low of 1.7336 the next day. So our Retracement Levels are: 1.7399 (0.618), 1.7387 (0.500), 1.7375 (0.382), and 1.7360 (0.236). Looking at the chart, the market looks like it tried to break the 0.500 level on several occasions, but try as it may, it failed. So would putting a sell order at the 0.500 level be a good trade?

If you did, you would have lost some serious cheddar! Take a look at what happened. The Swing Low looked to be the bottom for this downtrend as the market rallied above the Swing High point.

You can see from these examples the market usually finds at least temporary support (during an uptrend) or resistance (during a downtrend) at the Fibonacci Retracements Levels. It’s apparent that there a few problems to deal with here. There’s no way of knowing which level will provide support.

The 0.236 seems to provide the weakest support/resistance, while the other levels provide support/resistance at about the same frequency. Even though the charts above show the market usually only retracing to the 0.382 level, it doesn’t mean the price will hit that level every time and reverse.

Sometimes it’ll hit the 0.500 and reverse, other times it’ll hit the 0.618 and reverse, and other other times the price will totally ignore Mr. Fibonacci and blow past all the levels like similar to the way Allen Iverson blows past his defenders with his nasty first step.

Remember, the market will not always resume its uptrend after finding temporary support, but instead continue to decline below the last Swing Low. Same thing for a downtrend. The market may instead decided to continue above the last Swing High.

The placement of stops is a challenge. It’s probably best to place stops below the last Swing Low (on an uptrend) or above the Swing High (on a downtrend), but this requires taking a high level of risk in proportion to the likely profit potential in the trade. This is called reward-to-risk ratio. In a later lesson, you will learn more money management and risk control and how you would only take trades with certain reward-to-risk ratios.

Another problem is determining which Swing Low and Swing High points to start from to create the Fibonacci Retracement Levels. People look at charts differently and so will have their own version of where the Swing High and Swing Low points should be. The point is, there is no one right away to do it, but the bad thing is sometimes it becomes a guessing game.


Fibonacci Price Extension Levels
The next use of Fibonacci you will be applying is that of targets. Let’s start with an example in an uptrend.

In an uptrend, the general idea is to take profits on a long trade at a Fibonacci Price Extension Level. You determine the Fibonacci extension levels by using three mouse clicks. First, click on a significant Swing Low, then drag your cursor and click on the most recent Swing High. Finally, drag your cursor back down and click on the retracement Swing Low. This will display each of the Price Extension Levels showing both the ratio and corresponding price levels.

On this 1-hour USD/CHF chart, we plotted the Fibonacci extension levels by clicking on the Swing Low at 1.2447 on 08/14/05 and dragged the cursor to the Swing High at 1.2593 on 08/15/15 and then down to the retracement Swing Low of 1.2541 on 08/15/05. The following Fibonacci extension levels created are 1.2597 (0.382), 1.2631 (0.618), 1.2687 (1.000), 1.2743 (1.382), 1.2760 (1.500), and 1.2777 (1.618).

Now let’s look at what actually happened after the retracement Swing Low occurred.

• The market rallied to the 0.500 level
• fell back to the retracement Swing Low
• then rallied back up to the 0.500 level
• fell back slightly
• rallied to the 0.618 level
• fell back to the 0.382 level which acted as support
• then rallied all the way to the 1.382 level
• consolidated a bit
• then rallied to the 1.500 level
  
  

You can see from these examples that the market often finds at least temporary resistance at the Fibonacci extension levels - not always, but often. As in the examples of the retracement levels, it should be apparent that there are a few problems to deal with here as well.

First, there is no way of knowing which level will provide resistance. The 0.500 level was a good level to cover any long trades in the above example since the market retraced back to its original level, but if you didn’t get back in the trade, you would have left a lot of profits on the table.

Another problem is determining which Swing Low to start from in creating the Fibonacci Extension Levels. One way is from the last Swing Low as we did in the examples; another is from the lowest Swing Low of the past 30 bars. Again, the point is that there is no one right way to do it.

Alright, let’s see how Fibonacci extension levels can be used during a downtrend. In a downtrend, the general idea is to take profits on a short trade at a Fibonacci price extension level since the market often finds at least temporary support at these levels.

On this 1-hour EUR/USD chart, we plotted the Fibonacci extension levels by clicking on the Swing High at 1.21377 on 07/15/05 and dragged the cursor to the Swing Low at 1.2021 on 08/15/15 and then down to the retracement Swing Low of 1.2541 on 07/17/05. The following Fibonacci extension levels created are 1.2041 (0.382), 1.2027 (0.500), 1.2013 (0.618), 1.1969 (1.000), 1.1925 (1.382), 1.1911 (1.500), and 1.1897 (1.618).




Now let’s look at what actually happened after the retracement Swing Low occurred.

• The market fell down almost to the 0.382 level which for right now is acting as a support level
• The market then traded sideways between the retracement Swing High level and 0.382 level
• Finally, the market broke through the 0.382 and rested on the 0.500 level
• Then it broke the 0.500 level and fell all the way down to the 1.000 level
  

Alone, Fibonacci levels will not make you rich. However, Fibonacci levels are definitely useful as part of an effective trading method that includes other analysis and techniques. You see, the key to an effective trading system is to integrate a few indicators (not too many) that are applied in a way that is not obvious to most observers.
All successful traders know it’s how you use and integrate the indicators (including Fibonacci) that makes the difference. The lesson learned here is that Fibonacci Levels can be a useful tool, but never enter or exit a trade based on Fibonacci Levels alone.


Summary:

• Fibonacce retracement levels are 0.236, 0.382, 0.500, 0.618, 0.764
• Fibonacci retracement levels are used support and resistance levels.
• Fibonacci extension levels are 0, 0.382, 0.618, 1.000, 1.382, 1.618
• Fibonacci extension levels are used as profit taking levels.
  

“Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work.”
Thomas Edison

Support & Resistance, Trend Lines, Channels

Support and Resistance
Support and resistance is one of the most widely used concepts in trading. Strangely enough, everyone seems to have their own idea on how you should measure support and resistance. Let’s just take a look at the basics first.

Look at the diagram above. As you can see, this zigzag pattern is making its way up (bull market). When the market moves up and then pulls back, the highest point reached before it pulled back is now resistance.

As the market continues up again, the lowest point reached before it started back is now support. In this way resistance and support are continually formed as the market oscillates over time. The reverse of course is true of the downtrend.

There are two interesting points to remember:

1. When the market passes through resistance, that resistance now becomes support.
2. The more often price tests a level of resistance or support without breaking it the stronger the area of resistance or support is.

Trend Lines
Trend lines are probably the most common form of technical analysis used today. They are probably one of the most underutilized as well.

If drawn correctly, they can be as accurate as any other method. Unfortunately, most traders don’t draw them correctly or they try to make the line fit the market instead of the other way around. In their most basic form, an uptrend line is drawn along the bottom of easily identifiable support areas (valleys). In a downtrend, the trend line is drawn along the top of easily identifiable resistance areas (peaks).

Channels
If we take this trend line theory one step further and draw a parallel line at the same angle of the uptrend or downtrend, we will have created a channel.

To create an up channel, simply draw a parallel line at the same angle as an uptrend line and then move that line to position where it touches the most recent peak. This should be done at the same time you create the trend line.

To create a down channel, simple draw a parallel line at the same angle as the downtrend line and then move that line to a position where it touches the most recent valley. This should be done at the same time you created the trend line.

When prices hit the bottom trend line this may be used as a buying area. When prices hit the upper trend line this may be used as a selling area.

"When life gives you lemons, make lemonade."